For people who know and love the Book of Mormon, parts of the book of Hebrews in the New Testament may seem vaguely familiar. One such passage is found in Hebrews 11:1–34, which gives a list of many people in the Old Testament and all that they were able to do “by faith” while affirming that “faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.” This is similar to Ether 12:6–22, in which Moroni lists many Nephites and Jaredites who did great things “by faith,” declaring that “faith is things which are hoped for and not seen” (Ether 12:6).

Although it is difficult to always know why such similarities appear between the New Testament and the Book of Mormon, in the case of Hebrews the answer is somewhat clearer. Similarities between Hebrews and the Dead Sea Scrolls suggest that Hebrews draws on a version of the Old Testament that may have been on the Plates of Brass but has now been lost to history.

In his book Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period, Richard N. Longenecker examines how the book of Hebrews uses the Old Testament.1 Most of the time, everything was exactly as one might expect it to be: Hebrews references the Greek translation of the Old Testament, called the Septuagint, because the author of Hebrews spoke Greek.2 But Longenecker noticed something strange: of out the 38 Old Testament quotations in Hebrews, six were different.3 These six examples, all from the Law of Moses, were unlike anything in any surviving version of the Old Testament.4 They were clearly Old Testament quotations, but they were not from any known version of the Septuagint or the Hebrew text.5

After contemplating a variety of different explanations for these six quotations, he concluded that Hebrews was quoting a lost Greek version of the Old Testament that was based on Hebrew manuscripts of the Old Testament that have also been lost.6 This might seem a little bit far-fetched at first, but thanks to the Dead Sea Scrolls, we know that things like this do indeed happen sometimes. One good example of this is Deuteronomy 32 in which the Greek version is significantly different than the Hebrew version.7 People simply assumed for many years that the Greek version was in error, until the antiquity of this Greek version was verified with the discovery of a fragment of this chapter of Deuteronomy in the Dead Sea Scrolls. This fragment of Deuteronomy 32, written in Hebrew, was the same as the Greek version of the text.8 Thus, in this case, the Greek translation seems to have preserved a different Hebrew version of the text, one that was lost until the middle of the 20th century. This example suggests that Hebrews could have been drawing on a Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures that is no longer available.

Other texts from the Dead Sea Scrolls also suggest that Hebrews could have been drawing on other texts that are now lost to us. One Dead Sea Scroll manuscript called 4QFlorilegium brings together Psalm 2 and 2 Samuel 7:14, just as Hebrews 1:5 does.9 In addition, Melchizedek is thought of as being associated with the end of time in both 11QMelchizedek and in Hebrews 5–7.10 All of this evidence suggests that Hebrews was drawing on earlier material, material that the writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls also used.

Richard Longenecker’s suggestion that Hebrews drew on a version of the Old Testament that is now lost to us could help to explain the similarities between Hebrews and the Book of Mormon. Just as the similarities between Hebrews and the Dead Sea Scrolls likely stem from the fact that they both drew on a different version of the Old Testament that has not survived, the similarities between Hebrews and the Book of Mormon might be explained in the same way. It is possible that the author of Hebrews drew on texts that were available to him that were also on the Plates of Brass, resulting in the similarities we see between Hebrews and the Book of Mormon. There may be many other possible explanations for the overlap between Hebrews and the Book of Mormon, but this explanation reminds us that it is sometimes helpful to reconsider scriptural puzzles in new ways.11

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• 1. See Richard N. Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1999), 150.
• 2. See Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis, 150.
• 3. See Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis, 150.
• 4. See Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis, 150.
• 5. See Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis, 150.
• 6. See Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis, 151.
• 7. See Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis, 151.
• 8. See Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis, 151.
• 9. See Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis, 151.
• 10. See Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis, 151.
• 11. For other explanations for this, see Book of Mormon Central, “Why Do New Testament Words and Phrases Show Up in the Book of Mormon? (2 Nephi 3:12),” KnoWhy 525 (July 19, 2019).